I have shown how to comprehensively solve a game of 24s that allows just arithmetic, and how to expand that to allow powers, roots, and logarithms. Now we’re going to add the modulo (Mod) function.

If you’ve followed the methodology in parts i and ii, this is pretty simple stuff.

First, to our set of simplified function definitions, I add
mod[x_Integer?(# > 0 &), y_Integer?(-16 <= # <= 16 && # != 0 &)] := Mod[x, y]; mod[x__] := Indeterminate;

Then, our rule definition step looks like
rules = generateRules[{Times, Plus, Subtract, divide, power, root, log, mod}, 4];

We're up to 512 rules here, once redundant patterns are eliminated. The complexity increases exponentially with the number of operators allowed.

The good news is that Mod makes lots of hands solvable that wouldn't be otherwise. See, for example,

{3, 5, 5, 10} -> 5*5-Mod[10,3]
{5, 6, 7, 10} -> 6*Mod[7^10,5]
{5, 7, 7, 8} -> Mod[7^7,5]*8, and
{6, 7, 7, 9} -> 6*Mod[7*7,9]

In fact, allowing Mod as an operator increases the total number of solvable hands all the way to 619 out of 715.

The unsolvable hands that remain are
{{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 1, 3}, {1, 1, 1, 4}, {1, 1, 1, 6}, {1, 1, 1, 7}, {1, 1, 1, 9}, {1, 1, 1, 10}, {1, 1, 2, 2}, {1, 1, 2, 3}, {1, 1, 5, 9}, {1, 1, 5, 10}, {1, 1, 6, 7}, {1, 1, 6, 10}, {1, 1, 7, 7}, {1, 1, 7, 8}, {1, 1, 7, 9}, {1, 1, 8, 10}, {1, 1, 9, 9}, {1, 1, 9, 10}, {1, 1, 10, 10}, {1, 2, 2, 2}, {1, 2, 9, 10}, {1, 2, 10, 10}, {1, 4, 9, 9}, {1, 5, 7, 7}, {1, 6, 6, 7}, {1, 6, 7, 7}, {1, 6, 7, 8}, {1, 6, 10, 10}, {1, 7, 7, 7}, {1, 7, 7, 8}, {1, 7, 10, 10}, {1, 8, 9, 9}, {1, 8, 9, 10}, {1, 8, 10, 10}, {1, 9, 9, 9}, {1, 9, 9, 10}, {1, 9, 10, 10}, {1, 10, 10, 10}, {2, 2, 2, 2}, {2, 2, 7, 9}, {2, 6, 7, 7}, {2, 7, 7, 7}, {2, 7, 7, 9}, {2, 7, 9, 9}, {2, 9, 9, 9}, {2, 9, 9, 10}, {2, 10, 10, 10}, {3, 3, 10, 10}, {3, 5, 7, 7}, {3, 10, 10, 10}, {4, 4, 9, 9}, {4, 7, 7, 9}, {4, 7, 7, 10}, {4, 9, 9, 9}, {5, 5, 5, 7}, {5, 5, 5, 8}, {5, 5, 5, 10}, {5, 5, 6, 10}, {5, 5, 7, 9}, {5, 7, 7, 7}, {5, 7, 9, 9}, {5, 8, 10, 10}, {5, 9, 9, 9}, {5, 10, 10, 10}, {6, 6, 6, 7}, {6, 6, 7, 7}, {6, 6, 7, 8}, {6, 7, 7, 7}, {6, 7, 7, 8}, {6, 9, 10, 10}, {7, 7, 7, 7}, {7, 7, 7, 8}, {7, 7, 7, 9}, {7, 7, 7, 10}, {7, 7, 8, 8}, {7, 7, 8, 9}, {7, 7, 9, 9}, {7, 8, 8, 8}, {7, 9, 9, 9}, {7, 9, 9, 10}, {7, 9, 10, 10}, {7, 10, 10, 10}, {8, 8, 8, 8}, {8, 8, 9, 9}, {8, 8, 10, 10}, {8, 9, 9, 9}, {8, 9, 9, 10}, {8, 9, 10, 10}, {8, 10, 10, 10}, {9, 9, 9, 9}, {9, 9, 9, 10}, {9, 9, 10, 10}, {9, 10, 10, 10}, {10, 10, 10, 10}}